Modelling and Simulation

The energy transition involves complex technical, economic, and policy interactions that cannot be understood in isolation. Beyond this structural complexity, decisions are shaped by significant risks and uncertainties arising from technology performance, cost trajectories, market evolution, and policy development. Addressing these challenges requires an integrated modelling approach that links technical performance with economic and financial outcomes, while explicitly accounting for risk and uncertainty.

Our framework combines thermodynamic performance analysis, technology cost projections, financial evaluation, social cost–benefit assessment, and broader economic impact modelling. Risk and uncertainty are addressed through systematic sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, identifying key performance drivers and establishing confidence intervals for projected metrics and expected outcomes.

These capabilities are typically applied at the early stages of an investigation, supporting option screening, pathway exploration, and trend analysis. This enables organisations to assess the implications of different choices before committing significant resources.